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Mitochondrial 12S
Predominantly vertebrate eDNA. MiFish and Teleo are fish-oriented; MiBird and BirT are bird-oriented; 12S-V5 is broader across vertebrates.
Marker × organism routing
A locus is not a biological target.
One locus can support several organism groups, and one organism group can be investigated with several complementary loci. These links describe established use—not uniform primer coverage.
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Two different 16S systems
Prokaryotic 16S serves bacteria and Archaea. Animal mitochondrial 16S serves multiple metazoan groups. They never share a reference layer merely because both are called 16S.
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28S LSU
Fungal LSU profiling, phytoplankton, dinoflagellates, protists, and broader eukaryotic work require separate primer-level target evidence.
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COI
Strong animal and arthropod resolution, with primer- and lineage-specific bias. It can complement fish or zooplankton surveys where references are suitable.
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18S
Broad eukaryotes, microbial eukaryotes, protists, plankton, and complementary fungal or metazoan evidence. V4 and V9 are not interchangeable observation processes.
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Fungal ITS
The primary fungal barcode family in the current pilot, with ITS1 and ITS2 assays kept distinct from LSU phylogenetic profiling.
Reference geography
Compare sequences, not “regional amplification probability.”
The Region Comparison view reports located/all denominators, within-order comparisons, primer-position base differences, and exact source accessions.
Research basis
Primer compendium and representative sources
MiFish · MiBird · prokaryotic 16S · fungal LSU · PHYTOPK28